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class="sidebar-heading"><span>手写代码</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="面试官-css3新增了哪些新特性"><a href="#面试官-css3新增了哪些新特性" class="header-anchor">#</a> 面试官：CSS3新增了哪些新特性？</h1> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/d58f6df0-9b5e-11eb-ab90-d9ae814b240d.png" alt=""></p> <h2 id="一、是什么"><a href="#一、是什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> 一、是什么</h2> <p><code>css</code>，即层叠样式表（Cascading Style Sheets）的简称，是一种标记语言，由浏览器解释执行用来使页面变得更美观</p> <p><code>css3</code>是<code>css</code>的最新标准，是向后兼容的，<code>CSS1/2</code>的特性在<code>CSS3</code> 里都是可以使用的</p> <p>而<code>CSS3</code> 也增加了很多新特性，为开发带来了更佳的开发体验</p> <h2 id="二、选择器"><a href="#二、选择器" class="header-anchor">#</a> 二、选择器</h2> <p><code>css3</code>中新增了一些选择器，主要为如下图所示：</p> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/e368cf20-9b5e-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <h2 id="三、新样式"><a href="#三、新样式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 三、新样式</h2> <h3 id="边框"><a href="#边框" class="header-anchor">#</a> 边框</h3> <p><code>css3</code>新增了三个边框属性，分别是：</p> <ul><li><p>border-radius：创建圆角边框</p></li> <li><p>box-shadow：为元素添加阴影</p></li> <li><p>border-image：使用图片来绘制边框</p></li></ul> <h4 id="box-shadow"><a href="#box-shadow" class="header-anchor">#</a> box-shadow</h4> <p>设置元素阴影，设置属性如下：</p> <ul><li>水平阴影</li> <li>垂直阴影</li> <li>模糊距离(虚实)</li> <li>阴影尺寸(影子大小)</li> <li>阴影颜色</li> <li>内/外阴影</li></ul> <p>其中水平阴影和垂直阴影是必须设置的</p> <h3 id="背景"><a href="#背景" class="header-anchor">#</a> 背景</h3> <p>新增了几个关于背景的属性，分别是<code>background-clip</code>、<code>background-origin</code>、<code>background-size</code>和<code>background-break</code></p> <h4 id="background-clip"><a href="#background-clip" class="header-anchor">#</a> background-clip</h4> <p>用于确定背景画区，有以下几种可能的属性：</p> <ul><li>background-clip: border-box; 背景从border开始显示</li> <li>background-clip: padding-box; 背景从padding开始显示</li> <li>background-clip: content-box; 背景显content区域开始显示</li> <li>background-clip: no-clip; 默认属性，等同于border-box</li></ul> <p>通常情况，背景都是覆盖整个元素的，利用这个属性可以设定背景颜色或图片的覆盖范围</p> <h4 id="background-origin"><a href="#background-origin" class="header-anchor">#</a> background-origin</h4> <p>当我们设置背景图片时，图片是会以左上角对齐，但是是以<code>border</code>的左上角对齐还是以<code>padding</code>的左上角或者<code>content</code>的左上角对齐? <code>border-origin</code>正是用来设置这个的</p> <ul><li>background-origin: border-box; 从border开始计算background-position</li> <li>background-origin: padding-box; 从padding开始计算background-position</li> <li>background-origin: content-box; 从content开始计算background-position</li></ul> <p>默认情况是<code>padding-box</code>，即以<code>padding</code>的左上角为原点</p> <h4 id="background-size"><a href="#background-size" class="header-anchor">#</a> background-size</h4> <p>background-size属性常用来调整背景图片的大小，主要用于设定图片本身。有以下可能的属性：</p> <ul><li>background-size: contain; 缩小图片以适合元素（维持像素长宽比）</li> <li>background-size: cover; 扩展元素以填补元素（维持像素长宽比）</li> <li>background-size: 100px 100px; 缩小图片至指定的大小</li> <li>background-size: 50% 100%; 缩小图片至指定的大小，百分比是相对包 含元素的尺寸</li></ul> <h3 id="background-break"><a href="#background-break" class="header-anchor">#</a> background-break</h3> <p>元素可以被分成几个独立的盒子（如使内联元素span跨越多行），<code>background-break</code> 属性用来控制背景怎样在这些不同的盒子中显示</p> <ul><li>background-break: continuous; 默认值。忽略盒之间的距离（也就是像元素没有分成多个盒子，依然是一个整体一样）</li> <li>background-break: bounding-box; 把盒之间的距离计算在内；</li> <li>background-break: each-box; 为每个盒子单独重绘背景</li></ul> <h3 id="文字"><a href="#文字" class="header-anchor">#</a> 文字</h3> <h3 id="word-wrap"><a href="#word-wrap" class="header-anchor">#</a> word-wrap</h3> <p>语法：<code>word-wrap: normal|break-word</code></p> <ul><li>normal：使用浏览器默认的换行</li> <li>break-all：允许在单词内换行</li></ul> <h3 id="text-overflow"><a href="#text-overflow" class="header-anchor">#</a> text-overflow</h3> <p><code>text-overflow</code>设置或检索当当前行超过指定容器的边界时如何显示，属性有两个值选择：</p> <ul><li>clip：修剪文本</li> <li>ellipsis：显示省略符号来代表被修剪的文本</li></ul> <h3 id="text-shadow"><a href="#text-shadow" class="header-anchor">#</a> text-shadow</h3> <p><code>text-shadow</code>可向文本应用阴影。能够规定水平阴影、垂直阴影、模糊距离，以及阴影的颜色</p> <h3 id="text-decoration"><a href="#text-decoration" class="header-anchor">#</a> text-decoration</h3> <p>CSS3里面开始支持对文字的更深层次的渲染，具体有三个属性可供设置：</p> <ul><li><p>text-fill-color: 设置文字内部填充颜色</p></li> <li><p>text-stroke-color: 设置文字边界填充颜色</p></li> <li><p>text-stroke-width: 设置文字边界宽度</p></li></ul> <h3 id="颜色"><a href="#颜色" class="header-anchor">#</a> 颜色</h3> <p><code>css3</code>新增了新的颜色表示方式<code>rgba</code>与<code>hsla</code></p> <ul><li>rgba分为两部分，rgb为颜色值，a为透明度</li> <li>hala分为四部分，h为色相，s为饱和度，l为亮度，a为透明度</li></ul> <h2 id="四、transition-过渡"><a href="#四、transition-过渡" class="header-anchor">#</a> 四、transition 过渡</h2> <p><code>transition</code>属性可以被指定为一个或多个<code>CSS</code>属性的过渡效果，多个属性之间用逗号进行分隔，必须规定两项内容：</p> <ul><li>过度效果</li> <li>持续时间</li></ul> <p>语法如下：</p> <div class="language-css extra-class"><pre class="language-css"><code>transition： CSS属性，花费时间，效果曲线<span class="token punctuation">(</span>默认ease<span class="token punctuation">)</span>，延迟时间<span class="token punctuation">(</span>默认0<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>上面为简写模式，也可以分开写各个属性</p> <div class="language-css extra-class"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token property">transition-property</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> width<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token property">transition-duration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1s<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">transition-timing-function</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> linear<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token property">transition-delay</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 2s<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="五、transform-转换"><a href="#五、transform-转换" class="header-anchor">#</a> 五、transform 转换</h3> <p><code>transform</code>属性允许你旋转，缩放，倾斜或平移给定元素</p> <p><code>transform-origin</code>：转换元素的位置（围绕那个点进行转换），默认值为<code>(x,y,z):(50%,50%,0)</code></p> <p>使用方式：</p> <ul><li>transform: translate(120px, 50%)：位移</li> <li>transform: scale(2, 0.5)：缩放</li> <li>transform: rotate(0.5turn)：旋转</li> <li>transform: skew(30deg, 20deg)：倾斜</li></ul> <h3 id="六、animation-动画"><a href="#六、animation-动画" class="header-anchor">#</a> 六、animation 动画</h3> <p>动画这个平常用的也很多，主要是做一个预设的动画。和一些页面交互的动画效果，结果和过渡应该一样，让页面不会那么生硬</p> <p>animation也有很多的属性</p> <ul><li>animation-name：动画名称</li> <li>animation-duration：动画持续时间</li> <li>animation-timing-function：动画时间函数</li> <li>animation-delay：动画延迟时间</li> <li>animation-iteration-count：动画执行次数，可以设置为一个整数，也可以设置为infinite，意思是无限循环</li> <li>animation-direction：动画执行方向</li> <li>animation-paly-state：动画播放状态</li> <li>animation-fill-mode：动画填充模式</li></ul> <h2 id="七、渐变"><a href="#七、渐变" class="header-anchor">#</a> 七、渐变</h2> <p>颜色渐变是指在两个颜色之间平稳的过渡，<code>css3</code>渐变包括</p> <ul><li>linear-gradient：线性渐变</li></ul> <blockquote><p>background-image: linear-gradient(direction, color-stop1, color-stop2, ...);</p></blockquote> <ul><li>radial-gradient：径向渐变</li></ul> <blockquote><p>linear-gradient(0deg, red, green);</p></blockquote> <h2 id="八、其他"><a href="#八、其他" class="header-anchor">#</a> 八、其他</h2> <p>关于<code>css3</code>其他的新特性还包括<code>flex</code>弹性布局、<code>Grid</code>栅格布局，这两个布局在以前就已经讲过，这里就不再展示</p> <p>除此之外，还包括多列布局、媒体查询、混合模式等等......</p> <h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考文献</h2> <ul><li><p>https://juejin.cn/post/6844903518520901639#heading-1</p></li> <li><p>https://www.w3school.com.cn/css/index.asp</p></li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">更新时间:</span> <span class="time">12/14/2021, 10:12:35 AM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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